9086/system/decoder.v

/* decoder.v - Implementation of instruction opcode decoding logic

   This file is part of the 9086 project.

   Copyright (c) 2023 Efthymios Kritikos

   This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
   the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
   (at your option) any later version.

   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
   GNU General Public License for more details.

   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
   along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.  */

`include "proc_state_def.v"
`include "alu_header.v"


module decoder(
	input wire [15:0] CIR,input wire [15:0] FLAGS, output reg Wbit, output reg Sbit, output reg unaligning ,output reg opcode_size, output reg ERROR,output reg [`PROC_STATE_BITS-1:0]next_state
	,output reg [1:0]MOD, output reg [2:0]RM, output reg [15:0] PARAM1,output reg [15:0] PARAM2,output reg HALT,output reg has_operands
	,output reg [1:0]in_alu1_sel1,output reg [1:0]in_alu1_sel2,output reg [2:0]out_alu1_sel
	,output reg [3:0]reg_read_port1_addr, output reg [3:0]reg_write_addr
	,output reg [2:0]ALU_1OP
);

/* 0 0 0 0  0 0 0 0 | 0 0 0 0  0 0 0 0 | 0 0 0 0  0 0 0 0 | 0 0 0 0  0 0 0 0 */

`define invalid_instruction next_state=`PROC_IF_STATE_ENTRY;ERROR=1;MOD=2'b11;
`define start_aligning_instruction unaligning=0;
`define start_unaligning_instruction unaligning=1;


always @( CIR ) begin
	ERROR=0;HALT=0;
	case(CIR[15:10])
		6'b000001 : begin
			/* ADD, ... */
			if ( CIR[9:9] == 0 )begin
				/*       Add Immediate word/byte to accumulator           */
				/* 0 0 0 0  0 1 0 W |       DATA       |     DATA if W   |*/
				opcode_size=0;
				has_operands=1;
				Wbit=CIR[8:8];
				if(Wbit)
					`start_unaligning_instruction
				else
					`start_aligning_instruction
				MOD=2'b11;
				in_alu1_sel1=2'b00;
				in_alu1_sel2=2'b01;
				out_alu1_sel=3'b011;
				reg_read_port1_addr={Wbit,3'b000};
				reg_write_addr={Wbit,3'b000};
				ALU_1OP=`ALU_OP_ADD;
				if(Wbit==1)
					next_state=`PROC_DE_LOAD_16_PARAM;
				else begin
					PARAM1[7:0]=CIR[7:0];
					next_state=`PROC_EX_STATE_ENTRY;
				end
			end else begin
				`invalid_instruction
			end
		end
		6'b100000 : begin
			/* ADD, ADC, SUB, SBB, CMP , AND, ... */
			case (CIR[5:3])
				3'b000 : begin
					/* Add Immediate word/byte to register/memory */
					/* 1 0 0 0  0 0 S W | MOD 0 0  0  R/M  |     < DISP LO >  |     < DISP HI >   |      DATA        |      DATA if W    |    */
					`start_aligning_instruction
					opcode_size=1;
					has_operands=1;
					Wbit=CIR[8:8];
					Sbit=CIR[9:9];
					MOD=2'b11;
					in_alu1_sel1=2'b00;
					in_alu1_sel2=2'b01;
					out_alu1_sel={1'b0,MOD};
					reg_read_port1_addr={Wbit,RM};
					reg_write_addr={Wbit,RM};
					ALU_1OP=`ALU_OP_ADD;
					next_state=`PROC_DE_LOAD_16_PARAM;
					if(Wbit==1)
						next_state=`PROC_DE_LOAD_16_PARAM;
					else begin
						`invalid_instruction /*do 8bit loads*/
					end
				end
				3'b111 : begin
					/*                                  CMP - compare Immediate with register / memory                                        */
					/* 1 0 0 0  0 0 S W | MOD 1 1  1  R/M  |     < DISP LO >  |     < DISP HI >   |      DATA        |      DATA if W    |    */
					opcode_size=1;
					has_operands=1;
					Wbit=CIR[8:8];
					Sbit=CIR[9:9];
					MOD=CIR[7:6];
					RM=CIR[2:0];
					if(((Wbit==1)&&(Sbit==1))||Wbit==0)begin
						`start_unaligning_instruction
					end else begin
						`invalid_instruction;
					end
					if(MOD==2'b11)begin
						in_alu1_sel1=2'b00;
						in_alu1_sel2=2'b01;
						reg_read_port1_addr={Wbit,RM};
						out_alu1_sel=3'b100;
						ALU_1OP=`ALU_OP_SUB;
						next_state=`PROC_DE_LOAD_8_PARAM;
					end else begin
						`invalid_instruction
					end

				end
				default:begin
					`invalid_instruction
				end
			endcase
		end
		6'b101100,
			6'b101101:begin
			/*        MOV - Move Immediate byte to register            */
			/* 1 0 1 1  W  REG  |       DATA       |     DATA if W    |*/
			`start_aligning_instruction
			has_operands=1;
			Wbit=CIR[11:11]; /* IS 0 */
			opcode_size=0;
			MOD=2'b11;
			in_alu1_sel1=2'b00;
			in_alu1_sel2=2'b00;
			out_alu1_sel=3'b011;
			reg_write_addr={1'b0,CIR[10:8]};
			PARAM1[7:0]=CIR[7:0];
			PARAM2=0;
			ALU_1OP=`ALU_OP_ADD;
			next_state=`PROC_EX_STATE_ENTRY;
		end
		6'b101110,
			6'b101111 : begin
			/*MOV - Move Immediate word to register*/
			`start_unaligning_instruction
			has_operands=1;
			Wbit=CIR[11:11]; /*IS 1 */
			opcode_size=0;
			MOD=2'b11;
			in_alu1_sel1=2'b00;
			in_alu1_sel2=2'b00;
			out_alu1_sel=3'b011;
			reg_write_addr={1'b1,CIR[10:8]};
			ALU_1OP=`ALU_OP_ADD;
			PARAM2=0;
			next_state=`PROC_DE_LOAD_16_PARAM;
		end

		6'b100010 : begin
			/*                      MOV - Reg/Mem to/from register                        */
			/* 1 0 0 0  1 0 D W | MOD   REG    RM  |    < DISP LO >   |    < DISP HI >   |*/
			has_operands=0;
			`start_aligning_instruction
			opcode_size=1;
			MOD=CIR[7:6];
			RM=CIR[2:0];
			Wbit=CIR[8:8];
			in_alu1_sel2=2'b00;
			if(CIR[9:9] == 1)begin
				/* Mem/Reg to reg */
				if(MOD==2'b11)begin
					/*Reg to Reg*/
					in_alu1_sel1=2'b01;
					reg_read_port1_addr={Wbit,RM};
					next_state=`PROC_EX_STATE_ENTRY;
				end else begin
					/*Mem to Reg*/
					in_alu1_sel1=2'b00;
					next_state=`RPOC_MEMIO_READ;
				end
				out_alu1_sel=3'b011;
				reg_write_addr={Wbit,CIR[5:3]};
			end else begin
				/* Reg to Mem/Reg */
				if(MOD==2'b11)begin
					/*Reg to Reg*/
					in_alu1_sel1=2'b01;
					out_alu1_sel=3'b011;
					reg_write_addr={Wbit,RM};
					next_state=`PROC_EX_STATE_ENTRY;
				end else begin
					/*Reg to Mem*/
					in_alu1_sel1=2'b00;
					reg_read_port1_addr={Wbit,CIR[5:3]};
					out_alu1_sel={1'b0,MOD};
					next_state=`PROC_DE_LOAD_REG_TO_PARAM;
				end
				reg_read_port1_addr={Wbit,CIR[5:3]};
			end

			ALU_1OP=`ALU_OP_ADD;
			PARAM2=0;
		end
		6'b010000,//INC
		6'b010001,//INC
		6'b010010,//DEC
		6'b010011:begin//DEC
			/* DEC - Decrement Register */
			/*   | 0 1 0 0  1  REG  |   */
			/* INC - Increment Register */
			/*   | 0 1 0 0  0  REG  |   */
			has_operands=0;
			opcode_size=0;
			`start_unaligning_instruction
			Wbit=1;
			in_alu1_sel1=2'b01;
			in_alu1_sel2=2'b00;
			out_alu1_sel=3'b011;
			MOD=2'b11;
			PARAM2=1;
			reg_read_port1_addr={1'b1,CIR[10:8]};
			reg_write_addr={1'b1,CIR[10:8]};
			if(CIR[11:11]==0)
				ALU_1OP=`ALU_OP_ADD;
			else
				ALU_1OP=`ALU_OP_SUB;
			next_state=`PROC_EX_STATE_ENTRY;
		end
		6'b111111 : begin
			/* INC */
			if (CIR[9:9] == 1 ) begin
				case (CIR[5:3])
					3'b000,3'b001 :begin
						/*                          INC - Register/Memory                            */
						/* 1 1 1 1  1 1 1 W | MOD 0 0  0  R/M  |    < DISP LO>    |    < DISP HI>    */
						/*                          DEC - Register/Memory                            */
						/* 1 1 1 1  1 1 1 W | MOD 0 0  1  R/M  |    < DISP LO>    |    < DISP HI>    */
						has_operands=1;
						opcode_size=1;
						`start_aligning_instruction
						Wbit=CIR[8:8];
						MOD=CIR[7:6];
						RM=CIR[2:0];
						in_alu1_sel1=(MOD==2'b11)? 2'b01 : 2'b00;
						in_alu1_sel2=2'b00;/* number 1 */
						PARAM2=1;
						out_alu1_sel={1'b0,MOD};

						/*in case MOD=11 */
						reg_read_port1_addr={1'b0,RM};
						reg_write_addr={1'b0,RM};

						ALU_1OP=(CIR[3:3]==1)?`ALU_OP_SUB:`ALU_OP_ADD;
						if ( MOD == 2'b11 )
							next_state=`PROC_EX_STATE_ENTRY;
						else
							next_state=`RPOC_MEMIO_READ;
					end
					default:begin
						`invalid_instruction
					end
				endcase
			end else begin
				`invalid_instruction
			end
		end
		6'b111101 : begin
			/*HLT, CMC, TEST, NOT, NEG, MUL, IMUL, .... */
			case (CIR[9:8])
				2'b00:begin
					/*     HLT - Halt     */
					/* 1 1 1 1  0 1 0 0 | */
					has_operands=0;
					opcode_size=0;
					`start_unaligning_instruction
					MOD=2'b11;
					HALT=1;
					next_state=`PROC_HALT_STATE;
				end
				default:begin
					`invalid_instruction;
				end
			endcase

		end
		6'b001111 : begin
			if ( CIR[9:9] == 0 ) begin
				/*         CMP - Compare Immediate with accumulator        */
				/* 0 0 1 1  1 1 0 W |       DATA       |     DATA if W    |*/
				/*                                                         */
				/* NOTE: 8086 doc doesn't show the third byte but the      */
				/* W flag and my assembler seem to disagree                */
				Wbit=CIR[8:8];
				opcode_size=0;
				has_operands=1;
				if(Wbit)
					`start_unaligning_instruction
				else
					`start_aligning_instruction
				MOD=2'b11;
				in_alu1_sel1=2'b00;
				in_alu1_sel2=2'b01;
				reg_read_port1_addr={Wbit,3'b000};
				out_alu1_sel=3'b100;
				ALU_1OP=`ALU_OP_SUB;
				if(Wbit==1)
					next_state=`PROC_DE_LOAD_16_PARAM;
				else begin
					PARAM1[7:0]=CIR[7:0];
					next_state=`PROC_EX_STATE_ENTRY;
				end
			end else begin
				`invalid_instruction
			end
		end
		6'b011100,
			6'b011101,
			6'b011110,
			6'b011111:begin
			/*     Conditional relative jumps       */
			/*        JE/JZ - Jump on Zero          */
			/* 0 1 1 1  0 1 0 0 |     IP-INC8      |*/
			/*         JS - Jump on Sign            */
			/* 0 1 1 1  1 0 0 0 |     IP-INC8      |*/
			/*       JNS -Jump on not Sign          */
			/* 0 1 1 1  1 0 0 1 |     IP-INC8      |*/
			/*                ....                  */
			has_operands=1;
			`start_aligning_instruction
			Wbit=1;
			opcode_size=0;
			in_alu1_sel1=2'b10;
			in_alu1_sel2=2'b00;
			PARAM2={{8{CIR[7:7]}},CIR[7:0]};
			ALU_1OP=`ALU_OP_ADD_SIGNED_B;
			out_alu1_sel=3'b101;
			case(CIR[11:9])
				3'b000: begin
					/* Jump on (not) Overflow */
					if(FLAGS[11:11]==CIR[8:8])
						next_state=`PROC_IF_STATE_ENTRY;
					else begin
						next_state=`PROC_EX_STATE_ENTRY;
					end
				end
				3'b010: begin
					/* Jump on (not) Zero */
					if(FLAGS[6:6]==CIR[8:8])
						next_state=`PROC_IF_STATE_ENTRY;
					else
						next_state=`PROC_EX_STATE_ENTRY;
				end
				3'b100: begin
					/* Jump on (not) Sign */
					if(FLAGS[7:7]==CIR[8:8])
						next_state=`PROC_IF_STATE_ENTRY;
					else
						next_state=`PROC_EX_STATE_ENTRY;
				end
				3'b101: begin
					/* Jump on (not) Parity */
					if(FLAGS[2:2]==CIR[8:8])
						next_state=`PROC_IF_STATE_ENTRY;
					else
						next_state=`PROC_EX_STATE_ENTRY;
				end
				default:begin
					`invalid_instruction; /*We don't support that condition*/
				end
			endcase
		end
		6'b111010:begin
			/* JMP,CALL */
			case(CIR[9:8])
				2'b00: begin
					/*            CALL - Call direct within segment            */
					/* 1 1 1 0  1 0 0 0 |     IP-INC-LO    |     IP-INC-HI    |*/
					`invalid_instruction
				end
				2'b01: begin
					/*     JMP - Unconditional Jump direct within segment      */
					/* 1 1 1 0  1 0 0 1 |     IP-INC-LO    |     IP-INC-HI    |*/
					`invalid_instruction
				end
				2'b10: begin
					/*                          JMP - Unconditional jump direct intersegment                         */
					/* 0 0 0 0  0 0 0 0 |       IP-LO      |       IP-HI      |       CS-LO      |      CS-HI      | */
					`invalid_instruction
				end
				2'b11: begin
					/* JMP - Unconditional jump direct within segment (short) */
					/*        | 1 1 1 0  1 0 0 1 |     IP-INC-LO    |         */
					`start_aligning_instruction
					opcode_size=0;
					has_operands=1;
					Wbit=1;
					in_alu1_sel1=2'b10;
					in_alu1_sel2=2'b00;
					PARAM2={{8{CIR[7:7]}},CIR[7:0]};
					ALU_1OP=`ALU_OP_ADD_SIGNED_B;
					out_alu1_sel=3'b101;
					next_state=`PROC_EX_STATE_ENTRY;
				end
			endcase
		end
		6'b110011:begin
			case(CIR[9:8])
				2'b00:begin
					`invalid_instruction
				end
				2'b01:begin
					if(CIR[7:0]==8'h21) begin
						/*    INT - execute interrupt handler   */
						/* 1 1 0 0  1 1 0 1 |       DATA       |*/
						has_operands=1;
						opcode_size=0;
						`start_aligning_instruction
						/* Emulate MS-DOS print routines */
						if(register_file.registers[0][15:8]==8'h02)begin
							$write("%s" ,register_file.registers[2][7:0]); /*TODO:Could trigger erroneously while CIR is not final*/
						end
						next_state=`PROC_IF_STATE_ENTRY;
					end else begin
						`invalid_instruction
					end
				end
				2'b10:begin
					`invalid_instruction
				end
				2'b11:begin
					`invalid_instruction
				end
			endcase
		end
		default:begin
			`invalid_instruction
		end
	endcase
end

endmodule