Implemented the RET instruction,fixed CALL bug, clarified MOD naming and usage

system/decoder.v

@@ -44,8 +44,8 @@ endmodule
 
 module decoder(
 	input wire [15:0] CIR,input wire [15:0] FLAGS, output wire [4:0] INSTRUCTION_INFO, output wire [1:0]DECODER_SIGNALS,output reg [`PROC_STATE_BITS-1:0]next_state
-	,output reg [1:0]MOD, output reg [2:0]RM, output reg [15:0] PARAM1,output reg [15:0] PARAM2
+	,output reg [2:0]IN_MOD, output reg [2:0]RM, output reg [15:0] PARAM1,output reg [15:0] PARAM2
-	,output reg [1:0]in_alu1_sel1,output reg [1:0]in_alu1_sel2,output reg [2:0]out_alu1_sel
+	,output reg [1:0]in_alu1_sel1,output reg [1:0]in_alu1_sel2,output reg [2:0]OUT_MOD
 	,output wire [11:0]REGISTER_FILE_CONTROL
 	,output reg [2:0]ALU_1OP
 	,output reg [`UCODE_ADDR_BITS-1:0] seq_addr_entry, input wire SIMPLE_MICRO, input wire [`UCODE_ADDR_BITS-1:0] seq_addr_input
@@ -71,7 +71,7 @@ microcode ucode(seq_addr_input,ucode_data);
 
 /* 0 0 0 0  0 0 0 0 | 0 0 0 0  0 0 0 0 | 0 0 0 0  0 0 0 0 | 0 0 0 0  0 0 0 0 */
 
-`define invalid_instruction next_state=`PROC_IF_STATE_ENTRY;ERROR=1;MOD=2'b11;
+`define invalid_instruction next_state=`PROC_IF_STATE_ENTRY;ERROR=1;IN_MOD=2'b11;
 `define start_aligning_instruction unaligning=0;
 `define start_unaligning_instruction unaligning=1;
 
@@ -91,10 +91,10 @@ always @( CIR or SIMPLE_MICRO or seq_addr_input ) begin
 					`start_unaligning_instruction
 				else
 					`start_aligning_instruction
-				MOD=2'b11;
+				IN_MOD=2'b11;
 				in_alu1_sel1=2'b00;
 				in_alu1_sel2=2'b01;
-				out_alu1_sel=3'b011;
+				OUT_MOD=3'b011;
 				reg_read_port2_addr={Wbit,3'b000};
 				reg_write_addr={Wbit,3'b000};
 				ALU_1OP=`ALU_OP_ADD;
@@ -114,10 +114,10 @@ always @( CIR or SIMPLE_MICRO or seq_addr_input ) begin
 				has_operands=1;
 				Wbit=CIR[8:8];
 				Sbit=CIR[9:9];
-				MOD=2'b11;
+				IN_MOD=2'b11;
 				in_alu1_sel1=2'b00;
 				in_alu1_sel2=2'b01;
-				out_alu1_sel={1'b0,MOD};
+				OUT_MOD={1'b0,IN_MOD};
 				reg_read_port2_addr={Wbit,RM};
 				reg_write_addr={Wbit,RM};
 				ALU_1OP=`ALU_OP_ADD;
@@ -136,18 +136,18 @@ always @( CIR or SIMPLE_MICRO or seq_addr_input ) begin
 				has_operands=1;
 				Wbit=CIR[8:8];
 				Sbit=CIR[9:9];
-				MOD=CIR[7:6];
+				IN_MOD=CIR[7:6];
 				RM=CIR[2:0];
 				if(((Wbit==1)&&(Sbit==1))||Wbit==0)begin
 					`start_unaligning_instruction
 				end else begin
 					`invalid_instruction;
 				end
-				if(MOD==2'b11)begin
+				if(IN_MOD==2'b11)begin
 					in_alu1_sel1=2'b00;
 					in_alu1_sel2=2'b01;
 					reg_read_port2_addr={Wbit,RM};
-					out_alu1_sel=3'b100;
+					OUT_MOD=3'b100;
 					ALU_1OP=`ALU_OP_SUB;
 					next_state=`PROC_DE_LOAD_8_PARAM;
 				end else begin
@@ -162,10 +162,10 @@ always @( CIR or SIMPLE_MICRO or seq_addr_input ) begin
 				has_operands=1;
 				Wbit=CIR[11:11]; /* IS 0 */
 				opcode_size=0;
-				MOD=2'b11;
+				IN_MOD=2'b11;
 				in_alu1_sel1=2'b00;
 				in_alu1_sel2=2'b00;
-				out_alu1_sel=3'b011;
+				OUT_MOD=3'b011;
 				reg_write_addr={1'b0,CIR[10:8]};
 				PARAM1[7:0]=CIR[7:0];
 				PARAM2=0;
@@ -179,10 +179,10 @@ always @( CIR or SIMPLE_MICRO or seq_addr_input ) begin
 				has_operands=1;
 				Wbit=CIR[11:11]; /*IS 1 */
 				opcode_size=0;
-				MOD=2'b11;
+				IN_MOD=2'b11;
 				in_alu1_sel1=2'b00;
 				in_alu1_sel2=2'b00;
-				out_alu1_sel=3'b011;
+				OUT_MOD=3'b011;
 				reg_write_addr={1'b1,CIR[10:8]};
 				ALU_1OP=`ALU_OP_ADD;
 				PARAM2=0;
@@ -196,13 +196,13 @@ always @( CIR or SIMPLE_MICRO or seq_addr_input ) begin
 				has_operands=0;
 				`start_aligning_instruction
 				opcode_size=1;
-				MOD=CIR[7:6];
+				IN_MOD=CIR[7:6];
 				RM=CIR[2:0];
 				Wbit=CIR[8:8];
 				in_alu1_sel2=2'b00;
 				if(CIR[9:9] == 1)begin
 					/* Mem/Reg to reg */
-					if(MOD==2'b11)begin
+					if(IN_MOD==2'b11)begin
 						/*Reg to Reg*/
 						in_alu1_sel1=2'b01;
 						reg_read_port1_addr={Wbit,RM};
@@ -212,21 +212,21 @@ always @( CIR or SIMPLE_MICRO or seq_addr_input ) begin
 						in_alu1_sel1=2'b00;
 						next_state=`RPOC_MEMIO_READ;
 					end
-					out_alu1_sel=3'b011;
+					OUT_MOD=3'b011;
 					reg_write_addr={Wbit,CIR[5:3]};
 				end else begin
 					/* Reg to Mem/Reg */
-					if(MOD==2'b11)begin
+					if(IN_MOD==2'b11)begin
 						/*Reg to Reg*/
 						in_alu1_sel1=2'b01;
-						out_alu1_sel=3'b011;
+						OUT_MOD=3'b011;
 						reg_write_addr={Wbit,RM};
 						next_state=`PROC_EX_STATE_ENTRY;
 					end else begin
 						/*Reg to Mem*/
 						in_alu1_sel1=2'b00;
 						reg_read_port1_addr={Wbit,CIR[5:3]};
-						out_alu1_sel={1'b0,MOD};
+						OUT_MOD={1'b0,IN_MOD};
 						next_state=`PROC_DE_LOAD_REG_TO_PARAM;
 					end
 					reg_read_port1_addr={Wbit,CIR[5:3]};
@@ -247,8 +247,8 @@ always @( CIR or SIMPLE_MICRO or seq_addr_input ) begin
 				Wbit=1;
 				in_alu1_sel1=2'b01;
 				in_alu1_sel2=2'b00;
-				out_alu1_sel=3'b011;
+				OUT_MOD=3'b011;
-				MOD=2'b11;
+				IN_MOD=2'b11;
 				PARAM2=1;
 				reg_read_port1_addr={1'b1,CIR[10:8]};
 				reg_write_addr={1'b1,CIR[10:8]};
@@ -268,19 +268,19 @@ always @( CIR or SIMPLE_MICRO or seq_addr_input ) begin
 				opcode_size=1;
 				`start_aligning_instruction
 				Wbit=CIR[8:8];
-				MOD=CIR[7:6];
+				IN_MOD=CIR[7:6];
 				RM=CIR[2:0];
-				in_alu1_sel1=(MOD==2'b11)? 2'b01 : 2'b00;
+				in_alu1_sel1=(IN_MOD==2'b11)? 2'b01 : 2'b00;
 				in_alu1_sel2=2'b00;/* number 1 */
 				PARAM2=1;
-				out_alu1_sel={1'b0,MOD};
+				OUT_MOD={1'b0,IN_MOD};
 
-				/*in case MOD=11 */
+				/*in case IN_MOD=11 */
 				reg_read_port1_addr={1'b0,RM};
 				reg_write_addr={1'b0,RM};
 
 				ALU_1OP=(CIR[3:3]==1)?`ALU_OP_SUB:`ALU_OP_ADD;
-				if ( MOD == 2'b11 )
+				if ( IN_MOD == 2'b11 )
 					next_state=`PROC_EX_STATE_ENTRY;
 				else
 					next_state=`RPOC_MEMIO_READ;
@@ -292,7 +292,7 @@ always @( CIR or SIMPLE_MICRO or seq_addr_input ) begin
 				has_operands=0;
 				opcode_size=0;
 				`start_unaligning_instruction
-				MOD=2'b11;
+				IN_MOD=2'b11;
 				HALT=1;
 				next_state=`PROC_HALT_STATE;
 			end
@@ -310,11 +310,11 @@ always @( CIR or SIMPLE_MICRO or seq_addr_input ) begin
 					`start_unaligning_instruction
 				else
 					`start_aligning_instruction
-				MOD=2'b11;
+				IN_MOD=2'b11;
 				in_alu1_sel1=2'b00;
 				in_alu1_sel2=2'b01;
 				reg_read_port2_addr={Wbit,3'b000};
-				out_alu1_sel=3'b100;
+				OUT_MOD=3'b100;
 				ALU_1OP=`ALU_OP_SUB;
 				if(Wbit==1)
 					next_state=`PROC_DE_LOAD_16_PARAM;
@@ -341,7 +341,7 @@ always @( CIR or SIMPLE_MICRO or seq_addr_input ) begin
 				in_alu1_sel2=2'b00;
 				PARAM2={{8{CIR[7:7]}},CIR[7:0]};
 				ALU_1OP=`ALU_OP_ADD_SIGNED_B;
-				out_alu1_sel=3'b101;
+				OUT_MOD=3'b101;
 				case(CIR[11:9])
 					3'b000: begin
 						/* Jump on (not) Overflow */
@@ -389,7 +389,7 @@ always @( CIR or SIMPLE_MICRO or seq_addr_input ) begin
 				in_alu1_sel2=2'b00;
 				PARAM2={{8{CIR[7:7]}},CIR[7:0]};
 				ALU_1OP=`ALU_OP_ADD_SIGNED_B;
-				out_alu1_sel=3'b101;
+				OUT_MOD=3'b101;
 				next_state=`PROC_EX_STATE_ENTRY;
 			end
 			11'b1100_1101_xxx:begin
@@ -418,6 +418,24 @@ always @( CIR or SIMPLE_MICRO or seq_addr_input ) begin
 				PARAM2=2; //substract from sp
 				seq_addr_entry=`UCODE_CALL_ENTRY;
 			end
+			11'b11000011_xxx:begin
+				/*  RET - Return from call within segment */
+				/*           | 1 1 0 0  0 0 1 1 |         */
+
+				// Microcode instruction
+				`start_unaligning_instruction
+				opcode_size=0;
+				/* TODO: This is a hack to prevent IF from
+				* thinking it can retrieve half of the opcode
+				* from CIR and the previous byte on the data
+				* bus. We are jumping so all that data has to
+				* be thrown away */
+				has_operands=1;
+				Wbit=1;
+				Sbit=0;
+				PARAM2=2;
+				seq_addr_entry=`UCODE_RET_ENTRY;
+			end
 			default:begin
 				`invalid_instruction
 			end
@@ -431,12 +449,12 @@ always @( CIR or SIMPLE_MICRO or seq_addr_input ) begin
 			2'b00: next_state=`PROC_EX_STATE_ENTRY;
 			2'b01: next_state=`PROC_DE_LOAD_16_PARAM;
 			2'b10: next_state=`PROC_DE_LOAD_8_PARAM;
-			2'b11: next_state=`PROC_DE_LOAD_REG_TO_PARAM;
+			2'b11: next_state=`RPOC_MEMIO_READ;
 		endcase
 		reg_write_addr=ucode_data[11:8 ];
 		in_alu1_sel1  =ucode_data[13:12];
 		in_alu1_sel2  =ucode_data[15:14];
-		out_alu1_sel  =ucode_data[18:16];
+		OUT_MOD       =ucode_data[18:16];
 		/*1:1 map essentially but I want to keep the spec for these bits seperate
 		* from the alu op select bits*/
 		case(ucode_data[21:19])
@@ -448,6 +466,7 @@ always @( CIR or SIMPLE_MICRO or seq_addr_input ) begin
 			3'b101: ALU_1OP=`ALU_OP_ADD_SIGNED_B;
 		endcase
 		reg_read_port1_addr=ucode_data[25:22];
+		IN_MOD             =ucode_data[28:26];
 	end
 end
 

system/processor.v

@@ -35,7 +35,6 @@ reg [`PROC_STATE_BITS-1:0] state;
 /*############ Decoder ########################################################## */
 wire Wbit, Sbit, unaligning_instruction,opcode_size, has_operands;
 wire [`PROC_STATE_BITS-1:0] next_state;
-wire [1:0]MOD;
 wire [2:0]RM;
 wire [15:0]DE_PARAM1;// Input param1 form decoder to alu
 wire [15:0]DE_PARAM2;
@@ -50,8 +49,8 @@ reg SIMPLE_MICRO; /* otuput simple decodings (=0) or microcode data (=1) */
 
 decoder decoder(
 	CIR,FLAGS,INSTRUCTION_INFO,DECODER_SIGNALS,next_state
-	,MOD,RM,DE_PARAM1,DE_PARAM2
+	,IN_MOD,RM,DE_PARAM1,DE_PARAM2
-	,in_alu1_sel1,in_alu1_sel2,out_alu1_sel
+	,in_alu1_sel1,in_alu1_sel2,OUT_MOD
 	,DE_REGISTER_CONTROL
 	,ALU_1OP
 	,ucode_seq_addr_entry,SIMPLE_MICRO,ucode_seq_addr
@@ -108,8 +107,9 @@ register_file register_file(reg_write_addr,reg_write_data,reg_write_we,reg_read_
 //  ALU 1
 reg [1:0] in_alu1_sel1;
 reg [1:0] in_alu1_sel2;
-/* out_alu1_sel : { EXTRA_FUNCTIONS_BIT[0:0], MOD_OR_EXTRA_FUNCTION[1:0] } */
+/* OUT_MOD : { EXTRA_FUNCTIONS_BIT[0:0], MOD_OR_EXTRA_FUNCTION[1:0] } */
-reg [2:0] out_alu1_sel;
+reg [2:0] IN_MOD;
+reg [2:0] OUT_MOD;
 
 mux4 #(.WIDTH(16)) MUX16_1A(
 	PARAM1,
@@ -123,7 +123,7 @@ mux4 #(.WIDTH(16)) MUX16_1B(
 	PARAM2,
 	reg_read_port2_data,
 	{ProgCount[14:0],unaligned_access^unaligning_instruction},
-	16'b0000000000000001, /*1 Constant*/
+	16'b0000000000000000, /*0 Constant*/
 	in_alu1_sel2,
 	ALU_1B);
 
@@ -185,7 +185,7 @@ always @(negedge clock) begin
 			* be done by decode at the end*/
 			if (ucode_seq_addr==`UCODE_NO_INSTRUCTION)
 				unaligned_access=unaligning_instruction^unaligned_access;
-			case(out_alu1_sel) /*TODO: use RM*/
+			case(OUT_MOD) /*TODO: use RM*/
 				3'b000,
 					3'b001,
 					3'b010 : begin
@@ -241,8 +241,6 @@ always @(negedge clock) begin
 						state=`PROC_NEXT_MICROCODE;
 				end
 				3'b101:begin /* Program Counter*/
-					//if(SIMPLE_MICRO==1)
-					//	ERROR=1;
 					ProgCount={5'b00000,ALU_1O[15:1]};
 					unaligned_access=ALU_1O[0:0];
 					we_jumped=1;
@@ -431,47 +429,60 @@ always @(posedge clock) begin
 		end
 		`RPOC_MEMIO_READ:begin
 			/*Decode MOD R/M, read the data and place it to PARAM1*/
-			case (RM)
+			case (IN_MOD)
-				3'b000:begin
+				3'b000,
-					/*[BX]+[SI]*/
+					3'b001,
-					`invalid_instruction
+					3'b010:begin
+					case (RM)
+						3'b000:begin
+							/*[BX]+[SI]*/
+							`invalid_instruction
+						end
+						3'b001:begin
+							/*[BX]+[SI]*/
+							`invalid_instruction
+						end
+						3'b010:begin
+							/*[BP]+[SI]*/
+							`invalid_instruction
+						end
+						3'b011:begin
+							/*[BP]+[DI]*/
+							`invalid_instruction
+						end
+						3'b100:begin
+							/*[SI]*/
+							reg_read_port1_addr=4'b1110;
+							state=`PROC_MEMIO_READ_SETADDR;
+						end
+						3'b101:begin
+							/*[DI]*/
+							reg_read_port1_addr=4'b1111;
+							state=`PROC_MEMIO_READ_SETADDR;
+						end
+						3'b110:begin
+							/*d16 */
+							`invalid_instruction
+						end
+						3'b111:begin
+							/*[BX]*/
+							reg_read_port1_addr=4'b1011;
+							state=`PROC_MEMIO_READ_SETADDR;
+						end
+					endcase
+					if(IN_MOD!=3'b000)begin
+						/*Actually check if 01 and add the 8bits or if 10 add the 16bits ....*/
+						`invalid_instruction;
+					end
 				end
-				3'b001:begin
+				3'b110:begin /* Indirect write on SP */
-					/*[BX]+[SI]*/
+					reg_read_port1_addr=4'b1100;
-					`invalid_instruction
-				end
-				3'b010:begin
-					/*[BP]+[SI]*/
-					`invalid_instruction
-				end
-				3'b011:begin
-					/*[BP]+[DI]*/
-					`invalid_instruction
-				end
-				3'b100:begin
-					/*[SI]*/
-					reg_read_port1_addr=4'b1110;
 					state=`PROC_MEMIO_READ_SETADDR;
 				end
-				3'b101:begin
+				default:begin
-					/*[DI]*/
-					reg_read_port1_addr=4'b1111;
-					state=`PROC_MEMIO_READ_SETADDR;
-				end
-				3'b110:begin
-					/*d16 */
 					`invalid_instruction
 				end
-				3'b111:begin
-					/*[BX]*/
-					reg_read_port1_addr=4'b1011;
-					state=`PROC_MEMIO_READ_SETADDR;
-				end
 			endcase
-			if(MOD!=2'b00)begin
-				/*Actually check if 01 and add the 8bits or if 10 add the 16bits ....*/
-				`invalid_instruction;
-			end
 
 		end
 		`PROC_MEMIO_GET_ALIGNED_DATA:begin

system/ucode.txt

@@ -1,4 +1,26 @@
+/* ucode.txt - The contents of the microcode rom for the 9086 cpu
 
+   This file is part of the 9086 project.
+
+   Copyright (c) 2023 Efthymios Kritikos
+
+   This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+   the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+   (at your option) any later version.
+
+   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+   GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+   along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.  */
+
+//imd: IN_MOD
+//
+//rr1: reg_read_port1_addr
+//
 //a1f: ALU 1 operation (function)
 //    000:ALU_OP_ADD
 //    001:ALU_OP_SUB
@@ -7,7 +29,7 @@
 //    100:ALU_OP_XOR
 //    101:ALU_OP_ADD_SIGNED_B
 //
-//a1o: out_alu1_sel. Handled in `PROC_EX_STATE_EXIT
+//a1o: OUT_MOD. Handled in `PROC_EX_STATE_EXIT
 //
 //a12: In ALU 1 sel 2
 //
@@ -19,14 +41,18 @@
 //     00: PROC_EX_STATE_ENTRY
 //     01: PROC_DE_LOAD_16_PARAM
 //     10: PROC_DE_LOAD_8_PARAM
-//     11: PROC_DE_LOAD_REG_TO_PARAM
+//     11: RPOC_MEMIO_READ
 //
 //Nxt M: Next microcode address
 
-
-//   24  21  18  15  13  11   7   5     0
-//   rr1 |a1f|a1o|a12|a11|rwa |nxs|Nxt M |
 @000 0000_000_000__00__00_0000__00_000000
-@001 zzzz_000_110__10__11_0111__01_000010 // ALU_1: 0            ALU_2: PC          ALU_OP:ADD  ALU_out: [SP] (also fetch the opcode argument to PARAM1)
+
-@002 1100_001_011__00__01_1100__00_000011 // ALU_1: SP           ALU_2: PARAM2 (2)  ALU_OP:SUB  ALU_out: SP
+//   28  25  21  18  15  13  11   7   5     0
-@003 zzzz_000_101__10__00_zzzz__00_000000 // ALU_1: PARAM1 (arg) ALU_2: PC          ALU_OP:ADD  ALU_out: PC
+//   imd|rr1 |a1f|a1o|a12|a11|rwa |nxs|Nxt M |
+@001 011_1100_001_011__00__01_1100__01_000010 // ALU_1: SP           ALU_2: PARAM2 (2) ALU_OP:SUB  ALU_out: SP   (also fetch the opcode argument to PARAM1)
+@002 011_zzzz_000_110__10__11_zzzz__00_000011 // ALU_1: 0            ALU_2: PC         ALU_OP:ADD  ALU_out: [SP]
+@003 011_zzzz_000_101__10__00_zzzz__00_000000 // ALU_1: PARAM1 (arg) ALU_2: PC         ALU_OP:ADD  ALU_out: PC
+
+//   imd|rr1 |a1f|a1o|a12|a11|rwa |nxs|Nxt M |
+@004 110_zzzz_000_101__11__00_zzzz__11_000101 // ALU_1: PARAM1 ([SP]) ALU_2: 0           ALU_OP:ADD  ALU_out: PC
+@005 011_1100_000_011__00__01_1100__00_000000 // ALU_1: SP            ALU_2: PARAM2 (2)  ALU_OP:ADD  ALU_out: SP

system/ucode_header.v

@@ -1,7 +1,27 @@
+/* ucode_header.v - Labels and global information useful to modules interfacing with the microcode
+
+   This file is part of the 9086 project.
+
+   Copyright (c) 2023 Efthymios Kritikos
+
+   This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+   the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+   (at your option) any later version.
+
+   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+   GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+   along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.  */
+
 `define UCODE_ADDR_BITS 5
 `define UCODE_DATA_BITS 32
-`define UCODE_SIZE 4
+`define UCODE_SIZE 6
 
 /* DEFINE ADDRESSES IN THE MICROCODE */
 `define UCODE_NO_INSTRUCTION	5'b00000
 `define UCODE_CALL_ENTRY	5'b00001
+`define UCODE_RET_ENTRY		5'b00100